European Reference Framework

I am able to understand with ease virtually everything I hear or read. I am able to summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. I am able to express myself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations.

I am able to understand a broad range of demanding, long texts, and recognise implicit meaning. I am able to express myself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. I am able to use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. I am able to produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.

I am able to understand the main ideas of complex text on concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in my field of specialisation. I am able to interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. I am able to produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.

I am able to understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. I am able to deal with most situations likely to arise while travelling in an area where the language is spoken. I am able to produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. I am able to describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.

I am able to understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). I am able to communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. I am able to describe in simple terms aspects of my background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need..

I am able to understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases to satisfy my needs. I am able to introduce myself and others and are able to ask and answer questions about personal details such as where I live, people I know and things I have. I am able to interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.